Nobody Wants to Pay for Simple

Maybe the worst thing a designer (or anyone charging for their work) can hear is, “Well, even I could have done that.” The implication being, “Your effort isn’t worth my money.” I’ve heard that in the past about my own work, and I heard it again in a meeting last week in which I was defending another designer’s work. And this attitude gets to the heart of one of corporate America’s worst attitudes:

Nobody Wants to Pay for Simple.

If a company engages a consulting firm for millions of dollars, the board doesn’t want a simple solution that they could have come up with themselves—or worse, that they already knew.

We all remember the military consultant’s solution for Afghanistan, right? 

When it comes to design and presentation, I believe in simple and uncluttered (remember, it’s information that we’re communicating, and information is most often best communicated simply.) But, engaging the services of a presentation designer when he or she is charging by the hour or the day, can get expensive—especially if content is being simultaneously written and rewritten while the designer is on the clock. As a result, there often is an inclination to want a heavily designed, Photoshopped and complex presentation—something the paying client most certainly could not have done themselves. They want their money’s worth in visual glitz, even if the visual glitz runs counter to good communication.

It’s no coincidence that some of the most effective and lasting works of art and design are remarkably simple. Take Milton Glaser’s I Love NY logo. After the American Flag itself, it’s probably the most iconic American branding ever created. But can’t you just picture the meeting at which this was first unveiled… “That’s it? I could have done that.” Yes, Mr. New York Tourism board member, you could have.But you didn’t. 

Or how about arguably the most famous music in the history of film—John Williams’ theme for Jaws. It’s only two frickin’ notes. You can almost hear the studio executive screaming, “We’re paying him how much? My kid’s piano teacher could have composed that!” Well, yes, his kid’s piano teacher could have composed that, perhaps. But the piano teacher would not have the skill and knowledge to know that less was more in this case, to know how to practice restraint and to be capable of much, much more complexity if the situation called for it.

There’s an apocryphal story about a woman approaching Picasso in the park and asking him to draw a portrait of her. Picasso quickly sketches the woman and hands the portrait to her. “That will be $5,000,” he says. The woman is indignant. “But it only took you 5 minutes!” To which Picasso replies, “No, madam. It took me all my life.”

But even if you don’t have a Picasso’s lifetime of experience, it still does not mean that simpler is not better and ultimately more informed and effective. Take Maya Lin. She was an undergraduate architecture student in 1981 when she designed what I consider one of the most perfect pieces of art of the last century: The Vietnam Veterans Memorial. Unlike the above examples, the controversies over and objections to the memorial are well documented (and partially racist to boot), but from a purely artistic perspective, this too was something that “Even I could have done.” But Lin was the one to actually do it, and to say, “It’s okay, simple is appropriate.” (Although there is actually more symbolism than meets the eye.) And to be fair to the selection committee, the Memorial design was the result of a blind and completely open competition, so the committee did choose her design over many others that were probably much more “complicated.”

Any memorial design is fraught with the horrors of design and decision by committee, and so I’m amazed that Lin’s work made it to fruition. As a counterexample, take the recently completed WWII Memorial on the Mall in DC. Many will disagree, but for me it is one of the most underwhelming monuments in Washington. There is so much embedded symbolism addressing so many interests that “simple” is the last word that comes to mind when viewing it—if one can view the entirety of it at all, except by helicopter. This is most certainly a monument that “I could not have done.” But the lack of simplicity means that it will never stand on a par with the Washington, Lincoln and Vietnam Memorials.

What’s the takeaway? Remember your ultimate goal—don’t let your checkbook dictate the end product.

Sometimes it takes a designer to assure you that simple is good—as was probably the case with Milton Glaser’s logo. And sometimes you don’t need that designer at all. If your name is Gino and you’re opening up a pizza shop, you don’t need to pay a branding firm to tell you that “Gino’s Pizza” is probably a good name (if that’s the direction you want to go in.) Similarly, if you have the skills to find a powerful image and the discipline to use only a few words, you probably don’t need a designer to put those together as an effective presentation slide. 

Believe it or not, I’m thrilled any time a client sends back to me a new version of a presentation with a half dozen newly added slides already designed according to my established look. Usually, they’ll say, “I just followed what you already set up in the rest of the deck, but feel free to make it better since I’m not a designer…” I might be able to tweak things here or there, but 9 times out of 10, they’ve already done what I would have. In those cases, yes, you could have done that. And more importantly, you did.

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Categories: Design, Reducing Text.

Edward Tufte Seminars – November, 2010

I’ve discussed Edward Tufte before, but I wanted to let everyone in the New York area that the “godfather of information design” will coming to town to deliver his one-day seminars on November 4th, 5th, 8th & 9th. To register for the seminars, which include copies of each of his 4 books, swing by Tufte’s website.

If you can’t make it to New York, here are a few more upcoming seminars.

  • Philadelphia, PA — November 2, 2010
  • San Jose, CA  —  December 6, 2010
  • San Francisco  —  December 7, 8, 9, 2010

*   *   *   *   *

Saatchi & Saatchi 7×7 – September 29, 2010

 

New York advertising giant Satchi & Satchi is hosting a second “7×7” evening of presentations.

In this 7×7 format, 7 unique and smart, but completely unrelated speakers are each given 7 minutes to talk about something unique. I attended the last session back in May, which included everything from the TED Conference’s Chris Anderson to a cooking demonstration to a live play by play of a speed chess match by ESPN’s chess commentator. Yes, apparently ESPN has a chess commentator.

The #1 reason we people give bad presentations is because they see bad presentations. I have no idea if this month’s group are good presenters, but it’s always good to see how a wide range of other presenters speakers do what they do.

Click here for more info including the lineup and to buy tickets.

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Categories: Presenting Live.

The First Words Your Audience Hears: “P.I.P.”

Absent an introduction by a colleague or host, the first words your audiences hear should be your name and who you are. The situation might then call for a thank you or other acknowledgement. Depending on your style and situation, an opening joke might be appropriate. But after these few seconds, then what? I’m not talking about addressing the “situational problem” or the “pain,” I’m talking about introducing your presentation.

Lately I’ve become a fan of a technique encouraged by Gene Zelazny in his book, Say It With Presentations. It’s called P.I.P., and I love it because it gets everyone on the same page immediately and sets expectations. And it demonstrates respect for your audience and their time and attention. 

In a matter of less than a minute, you should be able to clearly define for your audience your presentation’s:

PURPOSE

IMPORTANCE
(to your immediate audience)

PREVIEW
(of what’s the come)

Don’t be long-winded, and don’t get into the presentation itself. This is your elevator pitch. 

You can be transparent with your PIP (“Before I start, I want to tell you the purpose and importance of today’s talk and give you a preview of…”) or more opaque (“Today is about increasing sales so we can avoid bankruptcy. I’m going to give you 3 strategies for…“)

Here is my own transparent personal PIP for a presentation that I give (after I introduce everyone in the room):

  • “The PURPOSE of the next hour is to introduce and explain the newly available tools and resources for employees at every level so our company can present better.
  • This is IMPORTANT as these tools will make your lives less stressful and easier, and will let you focus more on your core jobs which hopefully will result in more new business wins and better client communications.
  • Here’s a quick PREVIEW of what we’ll cover: Where to find the tools and how to use them. Much of time will be spent on the PPT template. This isn’t a technical PowerPoint class, but one geared toward using the templates. I’m happy to take any types of questions you have during or after. Okay, let’s begin…”
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Categories: Presenting Live.

“It is better to be quotable…”

I love quotes. Bartlett’s Quotes used to be one of my favorite books in high school. And after all, “It’s better to be quotable than it is to be honest.” (Tom Stoppard.)

Quotes in a presentation, used judiciously, are a powerful technique as they ideally force the presenter to expound upon the point being made and not present a “see-say” slide. Additionally, the point you are trying to make has probably been made before far more succinctly and poetically and by someone far more famous than than you anyway. And finally, a quote if far more likely to stick in your audience’s mind as a summation of your point or even your whole talk.

I’ve got three rules for quotes:

Short
Memorable
Appropriate imagery

1. SHORT
You want your quote to get to the point, to be quickly readable and to be memorable. Those things aren’t going to be possible with anything longer than a few sentences at most. When it comes to quotes, the shorter the better, so find a way to trim. Use ellipses if you have to trim the fat.

Instead of this…

Try one of these…

2. MEMORABLE
If it’s not memorable, maybe you should just paraphrase the thought in your own words. If you’re trying to make the point that customers have been asking for more color choices for your widgets, you might be best served by using a slide that says “68% of customers expressed interest in additional color options” instead of putting up the text of a random customer email request. But if your company’s biggest customer, Mary Jones, just called screaming…that could be a good quote slide…

3. APPROPRIATE IMAGERY
Think about the image (or lack of image) that will best communicate the story and message of your quote. Often, I like to use a full screen image of the quoted as I think it helps make the quote more sticky, but usually only if the person is known to begin with. In these back to back slides, I told the story of one of the most famous campaign refrains in recent memory and how it came to be, so I wanted the known players shown to make the story as concrete as possible. Note that I felt only one of these required textual attribution…

But sometimes appropriate imagery is no imagery. With this quote from the same presentation, I felt that a photo would actually distract from the point being made…

There could very well be a picture of Einstein or something else that could work well here, but I don’t think it’s one of these below. See how the essence of the quote gets diminished by the introduction of photos? You might disagree, but I thought so…

And sometimes the best way to put a quote on the screen is not to put it on the screen. Consider using a black screen and forcing your audience to listen to and watch you.

Last month I heard a speaker who finished his talk (that had used just a single image on screen) with a quote from Isadora Duncan. Though he had written the whole speech, he paraphrased his words when he spoke. But when he arrived at the end, he took out a piece of paper and read the quote verbatim with nothing behind him. Since it was a longer quote, it was very effective not to have the words on the screen. However, if he did request a visual, I might have suggested keeping the words off the screen, but showing something like this or this…

http://www.flickr.com/photos/stuant63/3152875867/sizes/l/in/photostream/

Living is a form of not being sure, not knowing what’s next or how.
The moment you know how, you begin to die a little.
The artist never entirely knows. We guess.
We may be wrong, but we take leap after leap in the dark.”

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Categories: Imagery, Reducing Text.

Presentation Summit 2010

The last time I went to a convention in San Diego, I was 14 and it was a convention for magicians. So now I’m geeking out in a different way in that city.

In October for the first time I’ll be attending The Presentation Summit, the one and only annual conference dedicated to presentation.

Run by Rick Altman, who is the author of the awesomely titled,Why Most PowerPoint Presentations Suck & How You Can Make Them Even Better, the conference began under the title, “PowerPoint Live.” I’m happy they made the change since there is far more to on screen presentation than just one piece of Microsoft software.

From what I understand, the conference is targeted at presentation professionals at all levels. There will be sessions on how to use and make the most of PowerPoint (including special sessions for “beginners”), but there will also be talks on visual communication, webinars, digital photography and the business of the business.

And featured speakers include Nancy Duarte and Garr Reynolds, the two leading thought leaders when it comes to effective presentation.

Though the conference has sold out in the past, there are still spots open if anyone is interested in attending. Drop me a line if you decide to go. We’ll grab daiquiris by the pool. I mean, we’ll talk about serious presentation stuff…

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End Early

 

I was in a day long seminar last week. It was quite good in many ways, but one of the biggest things they gave their attendees was that most wonderful gift of all: TIME.

They ended early.

The seminar was scheduled from 9:30-4pm, and we ended a little before 3pm. 

In today’s overscheduled work environments, everyone wants to be as efficient as possible, but sometimes a bit of planned subterfuge is good for everyone. How often have you found yourself rushing to finish your material at 2:01 as people start streaming out, heading to their next meeting or phone call? (I found myself in this exact situation just last week.) But if you had just an extra 15 minutes of “scheduled” time, there would be no rush at all, no skipping over that last point, time for more questions, and a far more relaxed environment for all.   

Psychology of Ending Early

There’s another crucial aspect to ending early. It makes you seem more in control of your material and your presentation, and everyone feels as though the collective group has successfully achieved the meeting’s goal and received all the necessary information without struggle.

When I was directing theatre, I would always try to end my rehearsals early. You just can’t imagine how good it feels as an actor to get out at even 9:45pm instead of 10pm. If I let the cast go at 9:30, I might even get a, “You’re a really good director, Nolan…” But just as important as the time itself was the psychological boost it gave people: “We’re making so much progress and doing so well, that we can afford to finish early. That was a good rehearsal…” Directors who always go over and keep people late often have demoralized casts who feel beat down and are rarely in a mental place where they can do their best work. (I should point out that I am speaking of early actor-only rehearsals. I don’t think any tech rehearsal since Euripides has ended early…)

How to Do It

If you have 60 minutes of material, don’t schedule a 1 hour meeting. Make it 90 minutes. Start 5 minutes late (you know you will anyway), add 10 minutes for Q&A throughout and/or at the end, and finish 15 minutes early. Now you’ll have time to relax and not rush, to make every point, and make sure every question is answered. And your audience will get the present of 15 more minutes to their day. They won’t have to run to their desk to hop on that conference call they scheduled adjacent to your presentation. They can walk, get a cup of coffee, even discuss how brilliant your ideas are with you. You’ll be the hero of their morning.

Feel like you’re wasting employees’ time? Then make it a 75 minute meeting. Or better, take your 60 minutes of material and cut 10 minutes out. If you find you finish and find yourself genuinely with 10 minutes to spare (you won’t, but let’s imagine), then you can put back in those extra minutes.

Remember, nobody was ever fired for including too much information. But people are fired for not presenting the important information effectively.

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Categories: Presenting Live.

Avoiding Jargon

Someone recently showed me a pitch proposing a 3-pronged digital communications strategy for a client. “It’s too complicated, and we want to make it more understandable,” they said. “Can you create a visual to make it simpler?”

The ask wasn’t all that unusual, and I do this kind of thing all the time. But as we talked through the content, I found myself having a great deal of difficulty understanding what was even being proposed. It wasn’t highly technical language or even overly big words. The reason the proposal was complicated was not because it lacked visuals, but because it was filled with business jargon. We’ve all seen and probably used terms like “incentivize,” “align,” “impactful,” “benchmark,” “engagement,” “dimensionalize,” “silo,” “synergize,” and the list could go on and on. That’s jargon.

Presenting a story well means presenting it simply. And just as though your visuals should be direct and sparing, so should your language—both what’s on the screen and what’s in your speaker notes. There’s something to be said for the expression, “Explain it to me like I’m a fourth grader.”

Carmine Gallo discusses the use of “amazingly zippy words” and “jargon creep” in his excellent The Presentation Secrets of Steve Jobs. You’re probably sick of me continually holding Steve Jobs’ keynotes as examples of good presenting, but there is simply no better high-profile presenter today than Apple’s CEO. And he excels at simple, jargonless language. Here’s a slide that Joe Businessman might have created for an Apple iPod release…

At first glance, many of you might be at a loss as to how to simplify this, and may even question that it uses jargon at all. Now take a look at the actual slide Steve presented…

It’s not only simpler language, but every word speaks to what people actually care about. “Powerful search functionality” might sound impressive, but what does it actually mean? Nothing, until it’s presented clearly: “Find your music even faster.”

Compare Steve’s slide with one from a Microsoft presentation. While there may not be any single complicated word, there are far, far too many on the screen, and the mesage is far from clear.

 

 The plain English movement is often seen as avoidance of technical language in the sciences, legal and governmental arenas. That’s all important, of course, but just because you’re not using Latin, doesn’t mean that you can’t make your on-screen text even simpler than it is. Next time you create a slide, find a child under ten to show it to. If he or she can understand what you’re saying, you just might have something.

I also want to take the opportunity to point out a fantastic text analysis tool at a site calledUsingEnglish.com. You can paste in a block of text and get an instant analysis. The varied metrics will tell you just how complex your writing is. My favorite metric included is theGunning Fog Index which will give you a “fog” value for your writing. The higher the rating, the more complex your writing and the harder it will be for your audience to understand. Gallo has a nice language complexity comparison of speeches by Steve Jobs versus those by Bill Gates. For two selected speeches, Steve clocked in with a fog index of 5.5 while Bill topped out at 10.7. For the same speeches, Steve averaged 10.5 words per sentence, while Bill had 21.6, and Steve averaged 2.9% “hard words” while Bill used 5.11%.

Don’t make it stupid. Make it simple…, stupid.

Oh, and just so you know that I don’t think Steve always gets it right, take a look at this compilation of Apple Keynote bloopers. There’s a sequence about 1:50 in which Steve shows exactly how bad jargon can get. But, of course, to his credit, he instantly recognize his mistake, makes an apology, makes a joke and translates the jargon. “We built in a technology in the Mac OSX mail called Adaptive Latent Semantic Analysis. Now what is this? I don’t know, but it works!” 

 

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Categories: Reducing Text.

Show Me Your Numbers

I recently discussed the importance of identifying the bumper sticker of your presentation and not burying the lead. This is crucial for your presentation as a whole, but this thinking can also be applied to individual slides and messages.

I often see buried leads on slides in the form of numbers, and sometimes I find it far more effective to not just highlight the number in the text or in the chart, but to make the slide all about the number.

Here are a couple of examples…

You’ll realize that these slides also hold to a killer (and more disciplined) presentation style of having no meaning absent the speaker’s involvement and explanation. These slides essentially pose a question, and the audience must engage with and listen to the speaker to hear the answer. How great is that? Additionally, you can be sure this will not be a “see-say” presentation.

Keep in mind that slides like this provide no visual context for the numbers themselves. And if your takeaway is that sales increased month over month to a yearly increase of 150%, it might be more appropriate to your story to show a steep line chart that tracks that increase.

When I had to design a presentation on philanthropic giving, I immediately thought of this technique. I was given a very well-written prose outline of the presentation, and the very first sentence was, “We believe that we can guide $10 billion a year in charitable giving to greater impact.” It was such a strong, clear and direct message, that I saw no better solution than to hit the audience over the head right from the start. $10 Billion Dollars was, after all, the bumper sticker of this presentation.

As it happens, however, the presentation went through multiple revisions and for many reasons, my opening slide found itself on the cutting room floor. Before that happened though, this was a subsequent revision that while missing the boldness of design and placement of the first one, now required speaker explanation—something I was very pleased about.

 

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Categories: Visual Thinking.

What’s Your Bumper Sticker?

If your presentation could be boiled down to a bumper sticker, what would it be? It’s a question I often ask of presenters, and it’s a surprisingly hard one to answer. But if you can’t identify a singular message, you may not have as strong a presentation as you think. Certainly you probably don’t have one that will be remembered by your audience for as long as you might like. 

Think of the presentations and speeches you’ve heard in the past year. Can you remember a single message from any of them? But you probably remember these…

Think of it another way: If a journalist was covering your speech, what would the headline be? I’ve mentioned before that Steve Jobs often literally provides the press with their headlines because his messaging is so distilled. Is yours?

I was reminded of all this recently when I read that the New York Knicks had commissioned a study to woo LeBron James to New York to play for them. Branding powerhouse Interbrand produced a 15 slide presentation showing that LeBron had the potential to earn north of $1 billion if he signed with the Knicks (including sponsorships and other business opportunities). Signing with any other NBA team would result in significantly smaller lifetime earnings. TheForbes article nailed the takeaway…

“What the Knicks Told LeBron: Come to New York and Make $1 Billion”

Actually, the real numbers are more complicated, and his “lifetime average value” with the Knicks is calculated at $983 million with a “lifetime maximum value” of $1.94 billion. But you know what? Who cares! New York was abuzz with news of a basketball player earning $1 billion dollars. 

But nowhere in Interbrand’s 15 slides was the bumper sticker/headline takeaway: LeBron James will earn $1 Billion as New York Knick. This was a classic case of burying the lead. 

I pulled out the three most important slides from the presentation and spent 5 minutes “exhuming the lead.” The slides on the left are the originals. The slides on the right are mine.


 As you edit and wordsmith your presentations to death (as I’m sure was the fate of this one) and gather input from everyone and their mother, be careful not to bury the lead. If your message isn’t clear enough to fit on a bumper sticker, it might not be clear enough at all.

Oh, by the way—in the end he signed with Miami. Now, I’m not saying it was because of a bad presentation…

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Categories: Visual Thinking.

Present Like a Rock Star

About a year ago I designed my first big presentation for my boss. It was nerve-wracking, because unlike most work I do, I was going to be in the audience when he presented. In fact, I was in the control room behind the computer. We worked very closely on the deck and reduced text to an absolute minimum. The presentation, like all good presentations, was about him, not his slides. As I often tell people: 

Less Slide, More You

 

And yet, I really had no idea if this was going to end up as a “See-Say” presentation. We all have seen this where the speaker simply voices everything that is written on the screen leading most to ask which is the redundant part: the speaker or his slides? A great slide should serve as a jumping off point for the speaker to explain the message further. Sometimes, I even like slides to make absolutely no sense absent the speaker. (This certainly dissuades printing and distributing a deck.)

The challenge with avoiding a “See-Say” presentation is that most people simply are not good speakers. Their slides become their crutches and they are incapable of living in the moment and truly owning their material. Fortunately, my boss was and is a fantastic speaker who doesn’t tie himself to a verbatim script. 

At right is an example of one of that presentation’s transition slides. My worry was that he would simply say, “We kept our clients’ confidence.” But he didn’t voice those words at all. The words are the takeaway headline here. What he said was much more insightful and in the moment.

That experience led me to one of my favorite presentation metaphors. A good speaker is like a good musician…

  • You, the speaker, are the singer
  • Your speech is your singing
  • Your slides are your guitar

A good speaker needs to be able to multi-task in the moment. Sometimes it’s all about an a cappella verse or line (a black slide), and sometimes it’s all about a guitar solo (a great picture, graphic or chart that speaks for itself), but mostly it’s about slide and speech together. And like a great song, you can’t just play the melody and sing it as well. (That would be the “see-say” version of a song.) It’s about instrument and voice doing different things, but achieving harmony. 

Rock on. 

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Categories: Presenting Live.
visual training presentation